Rake etiquette: raking bunkers like a pro

In the world of golf etiquette, the bunker is one of the most discussed places. A bunker is designed as a hazard, but it should never become an impossible task because of a predecessor's negligence. 'Rake etiquette' goes beyond simply smoothing the sand; it is a combination of care for the course and respect for fellow players. Understanding the right technique and the strategic placement of the rake is essential for every golfer who aims for a professional attitude on the course.

1. The technique: levelling without leaving traces

The goal of raking is to bring the sand back to its original, even state. Many golfers make the mistake of pulling the sand only towards them, creating deep furrows and 'mounds'.

The correct method:

• Push and pull: Use a combination of pushing and pulling motions. By pushing the rake gently away from you, you fill the deep holes (such as your footprints or the spot where the club struck the sand). Then by pulling gently towards you, you level the top layer.
• Low intensity: Don't apply too much pressure. The goal is not to dig the sand over, but to restore the surface structure.
• Work backwards: Rake yourself out of the bunker. Start at the spot of the shot and work step by step back to the edge where you came in, so you immediately erase your own new footprints.

2. The big debate: where do you leave the rake?

There is an ongoing discussion within the golf world (even between the R&A and the USGA) about the ideal resting place of the rake. Although the final decision often lies with the local rules committee of the club, there are three common methods:

Method A: fully inside the bunker

The rake lies completely in the sand, usually parallel to the line of play.

• Advantage: The rake does not interfere with mowing the grass around the bunker and cannot stop balls that would otherwise roll out of the bunker.
• Disadvantage: If a ball rolls against the rake in the bunker, this can produce a very awkward lie in a 'raked' area.

Method B: fully outside the bunker

The rake lies on the grass, some distance away from the edge.

• Advantage: The quality of the sand stays optimal and players in the bunker are not bothered by the rake.
• Disadvantage: A ball that would roll into the bunker may be kept out by the rake (which is an unfair advantage). It also gets in the way of the greenkeepers when mowing.

Method C: the middle ground (handle out, head in)

This is the most recommended method by the NGF. The head of the rake lies in the bunker, while the handle rests on the edge (the 'fringe').

• Advantage: The rake is easy to pick up without stepping into the bunker, and the chance that a ball rolls in or out of the bunker is minimally affected.

3. Strategic placement

Whether you place the rake inside or outside the bunker, the location is crucial. Always place the rake on the 'low side' of the bunker (where you came in) and never on the steep side (the 'face'). A rake on a steep slope can block a ball in a place where it is virtually impossible to take a normal stance. Always place the rake parallel to the line of play to minimise the risk of a ball colliding with it.

4. Leaving the sand 'better'

The unwritten rule in golf is: leave the bunker as you would like to find it yourself. If you see that some old traces from a predecessor remain in a spot you have to rake anyway, take those extra five seconds to smooth them out as well. A perfectly raked bunker is the sign of a golfer who understands the traditions and etiquette of the sport.

Conclusion

Raking is a small action with a big impact on the integrity of the game. By using the right pushing and pulling technique and putting the rake back in the spot the club has chosen, you keep the hazard a fair challenge for everyone. It is an expression of sportsmanship that contributes directly to the quality of the course and to the enjoyment of the group behind you.